ABSTRACT
O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma desordem do neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizada por déficits na comunicação social e presença de padrões de comportamento repetitivos. Como uma condição usualmente crônica, o TEA normalmente requer atenção de equipes interdisciplinares por afetar o desenvolvimento de forma global. Recentemente, o Ministério da Saúde publicou dois documentos que estabelecem a linha de cuidado e as diretrizes para sua reabilitação na rede pública de saúde brasileira. O presente artigo caracteriza e analisa a linha de cuidado proposta e as abordagens terapêuticas recomendadas. A análise permitiu verificar que os documentos reafirmam que pessoas com TEA são indivíduos com os mesmos direitos de pessoas com deficiência, seu cuidado deve ocorrer de maneira multidisciplinar pela Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, mas faltou clareza quanto aos critérios de escolha das abordagens terapêuticas e o local em que estas seriam oferecidas. Algumas implicações para o tratamento do TEA são discutidas.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (TEA) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by deficits in social communication and by the presence of repetitive patterns of behavior. As a chronic condition, TEAD usually requires attention from interdisciplinary teams as it affects development in many areas. Recently, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) published two documents establishing the guidelines for attention and rehabilitation of people with TEA in the national public health system. This article aims to characterize and analyze these guidelines and the recommended therapeutic approaches. The analysis showed the recognition of the TEA as a condition with the same rights as people with disabilities. The care approach is essentially multidisciplinary and supported by the Psychosocial Attention Network, but the criteria for recommending the therapeutic approaches and the place where therapies would be offered are not clear. Some implications for TEA treatment are discussed.
El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un desorden del neurodesarrollo, caracterizado por déficits en la comunicación social y presencia de patrones de comportamiento repetitivo. Como una condición usualmente crónica, el TEA normalmente requiere atención de equipos interdisciplinares pues afecta el desarrollo de manera global. Recientemente, el Ministerio de Salud publicó dos documentos que establecen la línea de cuidado y las directrices para su rehabilitación en la red pública de salud brasileña. El presente artículo caracteriza y analiza la línea de cuidado propuesta y las intervenciones terapéuticas recomendadas. El análisis permitió verificar que los documentos reafirman que personas con TEA son individuos con los mismos derechos que personas con discapacidad, y su cuidado debe realizarse de manera multidisciplinar por la Red de Atención Psicosocial, pero faltó aclarar en lo que se refiere a los criterios de elección de las intervenciones terapéuticas y el local donde dichos tratamientos serían ofrecidos. También se discuten algunas implicaciones para el tratamiento del TEA.
ABSTRACT
This study established a simple simultaneous discrimination between a pair of two-element compound visual stimuli in children (Experiment 1) and bees (Melipona quadrifasciata, Experiment 2). The contingencies required discriminative control by the compound and the question was whether the accurate stimulus control reached at this level would hold for each individual element of the compound. After baseline reached stability, probe trials assessed stimulus control by each single element of both S+ and S-. Average data showed that children (Exp. 1) tended to show stimulus control by a single element of the S+ compound. In Experiment 2 three of four bees showed stimulus control by both elements of S+ and did not respond or responded only infrequently to the elements of the S-. The children's decline in discrimination accuracy in probe trials, along with its maintenance during the baseline, replicated previous findings showing the development of restricted stimulus control (RSC). The precise stimulus control shown by the bees indicated that all elements correlated with reinforcement acquired stimulus control over their behavior; this confirms the extensive literature on visual discriminative learning in bees, but due to the small number of subjects it is premature to say that bees do not develop RSC...